richardson



"IL G. RICHARDSON. AUTOMATICITELEPHONE REPEAJEB. APPLICATION FILEDA/UG.23, IIJ/I6.

1,344,21 0. Patented June 22, 1920.

)a 73 jj R. G. RICHARDSON.

AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE REPEATER. APPLICATION FILED Amma, 191s.

1,344,210, Patented June 22, `1920.

UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE.

RODNEY s. RICHARDSON, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, .assIefNon To AUTOMATICELECTRICv COMPANY, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS;

AUTOMATIC TELEPI-IONE-REVPEATER.

l Speccaton of Letters `JSatent. Patented J 111-19 22, 19,20.v

Application iled August 23, 1916. Serial No. 116,483.

To all @07mm t may concern.' Y

Be it known that I, RODNY Gr.V RICHARD- soN, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, and a resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and Stateot Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inAutomatic Lelephone-Bepeaters, of which the following is aspecification. My invention relates in "general to repeaters iorautomatic telephone systems, and has for its principal object theprovision oi means in such repeaters tor transmitting impulses ofuniform length regardless of irregularities yin the length of thereceived im ulses. y

n modern multi-office automatic systems in which the automatic switchesare directly controlled by impulses transmitted from the individualSubscribers calling devices considerable diliculty has been experiencedin adjustingr the length 'of impulses delivered by the calling devicessovas to insure accurate and rapid Operation of vthe switches indifferent oiii'ces. This cliiiiculty is largely due to differences inthe capacity and resistance of the trunks and is accentuated byvariations between the individual 'callin g devices themselves.

Hy improved repeater is adapted to re-" placed in order` with the linesat the ends thereoiE in alinement, represent diagrammatically a completecircuit connection be- Ltween a calling substation A and a calledReferring now to Fig. 1, the substation A may be ot any approvedautomatic type, such, for example, as the substation shown in BritishPatent to Martin, #1419 of 1910. As represented herein, iticomprisesessentially the receiver 2, transmitter 3, switch hook 4, ringer 5, andcondenser 6. Being an automatic substation, there is also provided apair yof impulse springs 7 and 8 controlled by an impulse wheel 9through the medium of a linger hole dial (not shown).

' The line conductorsll and 12 of the substation A are connected at theexchange to the" individual'line switch C which is of the general typeof lineswitch disclosed in the British Patent to James #26,301 of 190e;

,beipjgg however, of the particular Vtype Shown in S. Letters Patent#1,078,690, granted Jan. 17, 1912, to Frank Neworth. Since line switchesof the above description are well known and form no part of myinventionthey will not be described in detail. It will lsuilice to sayhere that through the medium ot' line switch C the line of substationA'whencalling is given access to a plurality of trunk lines extending'toSelector switches.

The line switch C and a plurality oi similar line switches arecontrolled Vin their trunk selecting operations by means of a masterswitch D. The masterswitch rD is ot the general type jo master switchdisclosed in the above-mentioned British Patent to J ames, #26,301 of1906; being, however,

Switch C has access is Shown in Fig. 1 extending to the selector switchE. The selector E may be ofthe general type of selector switch`disclosed in IIS. LettersPatent #815,321, granted Marchf13,1906, toKeith, Erickson, and Erickson; being, however, olfy the particular rtypedisclosed in British Patent to the'Automatic Telephone Mfg. Co., #2543of-1914. A 'selectorswitch of the :foregoing description, when used in amulti-oiiice system such as. contemplated herein, may be operated inresponse to the.

irst digit of a called number to select one of the main groups orexchanges into wnich the subscribers lines 1n the system are divided.For this purpose` the selector E, in

`common with other selectors, may be given access to a number of groupsof trunk lines, each group of trunk lines extending by way of repeatersto a different exchange.

One of these trunk lines is shown extending from the bank contacts 73,7-1, and 75 by way of conductors 80, S1, and S2, repeater l (Fig. 2),and trunk line conductors 83 and 8.4 to the selector F. The repeater Itis, of course, introduced into the trunk circuit primarily for thepurpose of obviating the necessity of continuing the third conductor,conductor S1, to the distant exchange; but in accordance with myinvention this repeater also has another function, that ofstandardizing' the impulses, which will be fully explained hereinafter.

The selector F is similar to the selector E, already described, and isoperable in response to the second digit of a called number to selectone of the groups into which the lines of the exchange are divided. Tothis end the selector F in common with other similar selectors, is givenaccess to a number of groups of trunk lines, each of which groupsextends to a group of connector switches which areV adapted to completeconnections to a group of individual lines.

In Fig. 2l one of these trunk lines is shown extending from the bankcontacts 173, 17 1, and 175 to the connector H (Fig. The connector H maybe ofthe general type of connector switch disclosed in U. S. LettersPatent #815,176, granted March 13, 1906, to Keith, Erickson, andFirickson; being however, of the particular type disclosed in U. S.Letters Patent #13,901, reissued April 13, 1915, to Frank Newforth. A.connector switch of the foregoing type may be operated in response tothe two last digits of a called number to connect with an individualline in the group to which it has access.

One of the lines accessible to the connector H is the line extending tosubstation A which substation, together with its associated linc switchC, may be similar to the substation A and line switch C in Fig. 1.

To supply current for operating and talking purposes I have shown thebatteries B and B each having its positive pole grounded. The auxiliarypieces of apparatus associated with the connector II comprising theringing current generator Gen, the ringing interrupter I, and the busysignaling machine Q are of the ordinary type and perform the samefunctions as the same named pieces of apparatus in other automaticexchanges.

Having given a brief description of the apparatus, I will now proceed toa description of the operations of the same. For the purposes of thisexplanation it will be assumed that the subscriber at substation Adesires to obtain connection with the subscriber at substation A.Inasmuch as a great deal of the equipment shown herein is old and wellknown in the art, having been fully described in the publicationspreviously referred to, the operation of such equipment will bedescribed in a more or less general manner.

Referring to Fig. 1, when the subscriber at substation A removes hisreceiver to initiate the call, an energizing circuit is coinpleted. overthe line conductors 11 and 12 for the line relay 16 of the line switchC. Upon attracting its armature, the line relay 1G closes a circuit forthe pull-in winding 17. Upon energizing, the pull-in winding operatesboth the plunger arm 21 and the cutoft" armature 22; the former throughthe medium of its plunger (not shown) forcing the bank 4springs 30-33,inclusive, into engagement, respectively, with contacts 341-37,inclusive; and the latter disconnectthe line conductors 11 and 12,respectively, from ground and from the line relay 1G. By the engagementof bank springs 3l) and 33, respectively, with contacts 341- and 37, theline conductors 11 and 12 are extended to the double-wound line relay(3() of the se` lector E.

The line relay G() is accordingly energized over the loop circuitincluding substation A and, upon attracting its armature, closes acircuit for the slow-acting release rela-y ('51. Upon energizing inturn, the relay 61 completes a holding circuit for the line switch Cwhich may be traced as follows: Ground at (i7, contact springs 91,contact 35, bank spring 31, and holding winding 18 to battery B. Sincethe line relay 1G is slow-acting, it retainsits armature to maintain thepull-in winding 17 energized until after the above holding circuit hasbeen established. A branch of the holding circuit extends by way ofconductor 19 to multiple test contacts in the banks of connectorswitches having access to the line of substation A where by a groundpotential on these test contacts the said line is made busy. By theengagement of bank spring 32 with contact 36 the master switch D isoperated in well known manner to adi'f'ance the plungers of all theremainingidle line switches into position before the terminal of thenext idle trunk line.

The foregoing operations whereby the line conductors 11 and 12 have beenextended through to the line relay G0 of the selector E have takenAplace in response to the removal of the receiver at substation A. Thecalling subscriber may now manipulate his dial in accordance with thefirst digit of the desired number, thereby separating momentarily theimpulse springs 7 and 8 a number of times and interrupting each time thecircuit of line relay 60 of selector E. As a result of theseinterruptions of its cir cuit the line relay 60 is denergized acorresponding number of times, sending an impulse at each denergizationfrom ground at Gr to the slow-acting relay 62 and the vertical magnet65`in series. The vertical magnet in response to these impulses steps upthe switch shaft until the wipers 70, 71, and 72 stand opposite thehorizontallevel in which are located Vcontacts which are terminals oftrunk lines extending to the exchange in which the wanted subscriber islocated. The relay 62, being slow-acting, vretains its armature duringthe series of impulses and closes a circuit for the test relay 64, whichlatter relay prepares a circuit for the rotary magnet 66 and locksitself to ground at G7. At lthe* end of the series of impulses the relay62 denergizes, thereby completing the aforementioned circuit of Atherotary magnet 66, whereupon the wipers 70, 71, and 72 start rotating insearch of an idle trunk line. As Vis well known, the

rotary magnet interrupts its own circuit ungrounded test contact thetest relay 64 denergizes and opens the rotary magnet circuit, therebybringing the wipers to `rest upon the terminals ofan idle trunk line,assumed to be in this case the contacts `73, 74, and 75. As a furtherresult of the deenergization of thetest relay 64, a circuit is completedfor the line switching relay 63 which relay, upon energizing,disconnects the extended line conductors 12 and 11 from the windings; oftheline relay 60 and further extends them by way of wipers and 72, bankcontacts 73 and 75, and conductors S0 and 82 tothe line relays 100 and101 of the repeater R. The line relays V100 and 101 are accordinglyenergized over the calling subscribers loop. Relay 101,

ground at G, circuit springs 115 and 116,

conductor 81, bank contact 74, and wiper-,71 to wire junction 92, wherethe circuit divides, one branch extending by `way of normally closedcircuit springs of relay 64 and the winding' of line switching relay 68to battery B, and the Vother branch extending by way of oil-normalcontact 9?; 7 and inresult of the energization of relay 102 a n circuitis prepared for relay 103 by theolo-4 sure of contact springs 119 and120, and in addition a circuit is completed for the double-wound linerelay 160 'of the selectorv F which may be traced as follows ground. atG1?, lower winding of relay 160, contact springs 96 and 97, conductor84, contact springs 113 and 114, contact springs 118 and 117, contactsprings 124 and 125, winding 'of impedance coil 105, contact springs 121Vand 122, conductor 83, contactsprings99 Vand 98, and upper winding ofrelay 160A to battery B.V Upon attracting its armature,

'the line relay 160closes an energizing cir-V cuit for the slow-actingrelay 161 which relay upon energizing, prepares circuits for y thevertical and rotary magnetsr of the selector F in the usual manner. A

Having disposed of the circuits controlled by the line'relay-101 of therepeater we will now consider the line relay 100. Upon the` energizationof this latter relay a charging circuit for the condenser 106 is closedover the following path: ground at G12, contact springs 107 and 108 andcondenser 106 to battery B. The condenser 106 isV therefore at oncecharged to the potentialy of the bat# tery B. The Contact springs f 109vand-107 of relay are preferablyso adjusted that at about the middle ofthe armatures stroke the contact spring 108wll leave contact spring 109Vand at the same time or an instant'later will come'into engagement withcontact spring 107. f

The calling subscriber may new proceed to dial the second digit ofthedesired number, resulting as before `in.interruptionsof his loop towhich the line relays 100 and 101 are now responsive by Vretractingtheir arma Y tures a corresponding number of times. At

the first denergization of relay 101 a circuit iscompletedf` fortheslow-acting relay 103 as follows: ground aty Gd@V contact springs 110and 112, contact springsr120 and 119, and winding of relay 103 tobatteryB. Relays 102 and 103, being slow-acting, retainv their armaturesin operated position duringl a series of denergizations of relay 101,after which relay 103 retracts its armature. In its energized-conditionrelay 103 disconnects Y the conductorsV 83 and 84 from the 'conductors80 and 82, respectively, and from the normally bridged impedance coil105; and

substitutes for the latter a direct path by way of'contact springs123and '124, contact springs 117 and 118, and contact springs 114and-113, 1

At each denergization of the line relay 100 the left hand terminal ofthe condenser 106 4is connected to the lower terminal of relay 104 byway of contact springs 108 and 109. The condenser 106 is thereforedischarged through the winding ofrelay 104 and as a resultv of thedischarging current the relay 104 is operated momentarily to separateits contact springs 113 and 114. Since the condenser 106 receives a newcharge at each energization of the line relay 100, it follows that therelay 104will be operated at each denergization of the said line relayto repeat the interruptions of the subscribers loop into the previouslydescribed energizing circuit of the line relay 160 of the selector F.

In response to these interruptions of its circuit the line relay 160operates to control the selector F in precisely the same manner as lwasdescribed in the case of the selector E, whereby the wipers 170,171, and175 are raised step by step until they stand opposite the properhorizontal level of bank contacts, after which they are automaticallyrotated until they arrive at contacts, assumed in this case to be theVcontacts 173, 174, and 17 5, which are terminals of an idle trunk line.The wipers having been brought to rest upon the contacts of an idletrunk line, the line switching relay 163 is energized to disconnect theline conductors'83 and 84 from the line relay'160 and extend theminstead by way of wipers 170 and 172, bank contacts 173 and 175 to thedouble-wound line relay 200 of the connector H. Upon-attracting itsarmature, the line relay 200 closes `an energizing circuit for theslow-acting relay 201 which relay, upon energizing in turn, completes aholding circuit from ground G1 for the line switching relay 163 of theselector F in the usual manner.

The calling subscriber may now manipulate his calling device inaccordance with the third digitl of the desired number, thereby causinganother series of denergizations of the line relays 100 and 101 ofthe'repeater R. As'before the relay 104 will be operated by successivedischarges from the condenser 106 to produce a series of interruptionsin the circuit of the line relay 200 of the connector H. Responsive tothese interruptions the line relay 200 denergizes a corresponding numberof times and sends each time an impulse from ground at Gr17 to theslowacting relay 207 and the vertical magnet 204 in series, side switchwiper 215 being in its first position. The vertical magnet, in rcsponseto these impulses, steps up the shaft until the wipers 220, 221, and 222stand opposite the horizontal level of bank contacts in which the lineof substation A terminates. Relay 207, being slow-acting, retains itsarmature during the series of impulses and maintains a circuit fromground at G1S for the private magnet 208 and the wiper cut-ofi' relay211 in parallel. At the end of the series of impulses, the relay 207denergizes and breaks the circuit of the private magnet, which lattercontrols the side switch wipers in the usual manner to advance them totheir second position.

The subscriber at substation A may now operate his dial in accordancewith the fourth and final digit of the desired number, resulting asbefore in denergizations of the line relay 200. Now, however, sideswitch wiper 215 being in its second lposition, the line relay sendsimpulses to the slow-acting relay 207 in series with the rotary magnet205. The rotary magnet operates in response to these impulses to rotatethe wipers 220, 221, and 222 until they rest, respectively, upon vbankcontacts 223, 224, and 225, these contacts forming the terminal of theline of substation A in the bank of connector H. The private magnet 208and the wiper cutoff relay 211 are energized during this series ofimpulses as before, the latter disconnecting the line wipers duringrotation and the former, upon denergizing, controlling the side switchwipers to advance them to their third position, it being assumed thatthe line of substation A was idle when called.

As side switch wiper 214 comes into engagement with its third positioncontact point, a circuit is completed for the cut-0H winding 18 of lineswitch CV as follows: ground at-Gl, side switch wiper 214 (in thirdposition), wiper 221, bank contact 224, and winding 18 to battery B. Bythe closure of the above circuit the cut-off armature 22 is operated todisconnect the line conductors 11 and 12', respectively, from ground andfrom the lin'e relay 16. Ground at G19 also extends to multiples of bankcontact 224 in the banks of other connectors of the group, therebymaking the line of substations A busy to other calls.

By the engagement of side wipers 212 and 213 with their 'third positioncontact points theA connection between the calling and calledsubstations is completed, relay 211 being denergized. By the engagementof side switch wiper 215 with its third position contact point, acircuit is completed for the ringing relay 209 in series with theinterrupter I, whereby ringing current is projected intermittently outover the line of substation A to operate the signal in bridge thereof.

The subscriber at substation A has now established the requiredconnection with substation A and the bell at the latter substation isbeing rung to attract the attention of the called subscriber. When thecalled subscriber removes his receiver from the hook a circuit iscompleted for the doublewound back bridge relay 202 in the well it isprrn'ided in case it is desired t0 operate,-

nietcrs or similarapparatus.` c

The callingand called subscribers may now converse without furthereffort. Currentfor the transmitter at substation A is supplied throughthe windings of the line relays 11,00 and 101 of the repeater' R-whilecurrent for the transmitter at substation A `is supplied through thewindings of. the

back bridge relay 202. Y The voice currents follow the path shown in theheavy lines which, it is thought, will be apparentvwithoutfurtheramplifying the` explanation.

Then the conversation is completed both subscribers will hang up. theirreceivers. By the replacement of the receiverl at substation A thecircuit of the line relays 100 and 101 of the repeater R is broken. Upondenergizing, relay 100 operates relay 104 again momentarily to transmitanother impulse to the connector H but this impulse is of no particularconsequence. vBy the deenergization of relay 101 thev circuit of slow.-y

acting :relay 102 is broken. Upon deenen gizmg, relay 102 removes groundG11 from the holdingcircuitextending backto the selector E andthe lineswitch C, whereupon these switches will restore to normal in the usualand well known manner.` As a further rcsult of the de'energization ofrelay 102 the energizing circuit for theline relay 200 of the connectorH is broken at contact springs 117 and 118. The line relay 200 isaccordingly denergizedand causes the deenergization Eof relay 201. Bytheglatter operation ground G1 is removed from the holding circuit ofthe selectorF anda circuit is closed for the release magnet 203 of theconnector H, whereby these switches are also restored to normal.` Y

The operation of a connector switch such as the connector Il whenconnection is attempted with a busy line is well known and has beenfully described in the publications previously mentioned. Since myyinvention involves nothing new in connection with this feature of theoperation 4the description thereof will be omitted.

Considering now more in detail the man* ner in which impulses arestandardized at theY repeater R, the operation `depends upon the factthat at each defe'nergization of the -line delay 100 a uniform currentis delivered to the relay 104 from the condenser 106,

That this is true will be evident when it is considered that acondenser, when connected directly across the terminals of a battery,

' will .be charged instantly to nearly the full potential of the batteryeven though an in# finite time is required.theoretically for it toattain its full charge,` lt makes practically` no difference thereforein the amount of charge received byv the ,condenser howlong thecontactsprings 107 yand 108 remain together on successive energizations of the.line relay. rlhe condenser receives nearly a Y full charge within a verysmall fraction of a Y second after these springs make contact and theircontinued engagement can increase this charge but little. The relativevalues of the capacity of the condenser 106 and the resistance of therelay 104 are of importance yin the practical operation of the devicefor these factors determine the time required for each discharge of thecondenser and there-foret@ a certain extent the length of the impulsesdelivered. 1 have found in tests that a condenser with a capacity of 5niicrofarads anda relay with a resistance of 1000 ohms give goodresults.

Referring now Ato Fig. 4, the repeater R is exactly the same `asrepeater R except for the circuit of the condenser 106 and the relay1042111 the circuit, Fig. 4, the condenser 106 is short-circuited andtherefore discharged at each energization of the line relay while ateach denergization of the -line relay 100the condenser 106 is charged inseries with the relay 104. rlhis is just the reverse of the operationswhich take place in the case of repeater lt but the result is the same,for the condenser is for, all practical purposes completely dischargedeach time, and receives each time a charge 105 which is to a great,extent independent of the length of the contact between the springs 108and 109. The modification shown in Fig. 4 is rather an obvious one butit has been thought best to show the circuit. s

Other modifications. can doubtless be made to adapt .the invention toother types of automatic telephonesystems or even to other` usesaltogether, and I doy not, therefore, wish tov limit the scope of theinvention to 115 the precise circuits shown. That l consider to be newand desire to have protected by Letters `Patent will be pointed out inthe appended claims. j Y l What l claim as my invention is:

1. In an automatic telephone system, th combination with a circuitcontrollingrelay, v of la, condenser, and a secondl relayV for chargingand discharging said condenser to thereby operate said controllingrelay, the pathfor discharging currents including said controllingrelay, and conductive paths from the opposite' sides thereof to theopposite sides ofthe said condenser.

2. In an automaticV telephone system, a

circuit controlling relay, a condenser, a charging circuit for saidcondenser including a source of current, a continuous conductivedischarging circuit for said condenser including said controlling relay,and a second relay for controlling said circuits to thereby operate saidcontrolling relay.

3. In an automatic telephone system, a device for repeating impulses,said device comprising an impulse sending relay, a condenser, and asecond relay provided with means for operating said first relay throughthe medium of said condenser.

4;. In combination, a circuit, a controlling relay therefor, acondenser, a second relay and an energizing circuit therefor, a chargingcircuit for said condenser closed by said second relay when energized,and a discharging circuit for said condenser closed by said second relaywhen denergized.

5. In combination, a first circuit, a second circuit, a relay bridgeacross the first circuit, a condenser, means for closing said firstcircuit to operate said relay bridge, means controlled thereby forcharging said condenser and for closing said second circuit, a relay foropening said second circuit, and means for interrupting said firstcircuit, said relay bridge responsive to such interruption fordischarging said condenser through said second relay.

6. In combination, a first circuit, a second circuit, means responsiveto the closure of the first circuit for closing said second circuit, arelay for transmitting impulses over the second circuit, a condenser,arelay controlled by impulses received over the first circuit forcharging and discharging said condenser, and a circuit for thedischarging currents through said first relay.

7 In a telephone system, a trunk line divided into two sections, thesecond section terminating in an automatic switch, and an impulserepeater joining the two sections of said trunk line, said repeatercomprising a relay controlling the continuity of the second section, anda second relay controlled over the first section and adapted to controlsaid first relay through the medium of a condenser.

8. In a telephone system, a trunk line divided into two sections, Vthesecond section terminating in an automatic switch, and a repeaterjoining the two sections of said trunk line, said repeater comprising animpulse sending relay for controlling said switch, a condenser, and asecond relay controlled by each impulse received over the first sectionto charge said condenser and discharge it through said first relay.

9. In a telephone system, a trunk line divided into two sections, thesecond section terminating in an automatic switch, and an impulserepeater oining the two sections of said trunk line, said repeatercomprising an impulse sending relay for controlling said switch viaV thesecond section of said trunk line, and a second relay responsive toimpulses received over the first section of said trunk line forcontrolling said first relay through the medium of a condenser.

10. In-a telephone system, a trunk line divided into two sections, thesecond section terminating in an automatic switch, and a repeaterprovided with means for transmitting impulses from one section' to theother, said means comprising a condenser, a relay controlled over thefirst section for charging and discharging said condenser at everimpulse, and a second relay in series wit said condenser for repeatingsaid impulses into the second section.

11. In a telephone system, a trunk line divided into two sections, thesecond section terminating in an automatic switch, and a repeaterprovided with means for transmitting impulses from one section to theother, said means comprising a condenser, a relay controlled over thefirst section for charging and discharging said condenser at everyimpulse, and a second relay controlled by the discharge current fromsaid condenser for repeating said impulsesV into the second section.

12.y In combination, an impulse controlled switching device and acontrolling circuit therefor, a second circuit, means for producingoperating impulses in said second circuit, and a device for repeatingimpulses from the second circuit into said controlling circuit, saiddevice comprising an impulse sending relay associated with saidcontrolling circuit, and a relay in said second circuit responsive toimpulses therein for controlling said first relay through the medium ofa condenser.

13. In combination, an impulse controlled switching device and acontrolling circuit therefor, a second circuit, means for producingoperating impulses in said Vsecond circuit, and a device for repeatingimpulses from the second circuit into said controlling circuit, saiddevice comprising an impulse sending relay associated Awith saidcontrolling circuit, a condenser, and a relay in said second circuitresponsive to each impulse therein to charge said condenser anddischarge it through said first relay.

14. In an automatic telephone system, an automatic impulse correctingrepeater, said repeater comprising an impulse sending relay, acondenser, a relay responsive to received impulses for alternatelycharging and discharging said condenser, and circuit so arranged thatupon each discharge of said condenser the said impulse sending relay.

is voperated by current stored in the said condenser during the previouscharge.

15. In a telephone system, a device for simultaneously repeating andstandardizing electrical impulses, said device comprising an. impulsereceiving relay, an impulse transmitting relay, a condenser, a battery,and circuits controlled by said impulse receiving relay whereby saidcondenser is alternately charged from said battery and .dischargedthrough said impulse transmitting relay to operate the same.

16. In a telephone system, an electrical impulse correcting repeater,comprising an impulse receiving relay, an impulse transmitting relay,and circuits including a battery and a condenser whereby the latterrelay is operated by the vformer by current stored in said condenser.

17. The combination with a relay anda battery, of a conductor joiningone pole oi said battery to one terminal of said relay, a condenser'having one terminal connected to said conductor, a switch for connectingthe other terminal of said condenser alternately to the other terminalof said relay and the other pole of said battery, and an armature forsaid relay operated by discharge currents from said condenser.

1S. The combination with a condenser, of a circuit therefor having twobranches, a magnet in one branch, a battery in the other branch, meansfor closing said branches alternately, and an armature for said magnetoperated upon the closure of the associated branch.

i9. The combination with a relay and a condenser, of means forrepeatedly discharging said condenser through said relay to operate thesame, and means for charging said condenser between successivedischarges thereof.

20.',The combination with two circuits containing respectively a batteryand an electromagnet, of a condenser, and suitable means Jfor connectingsaid condenser in said circuits in alternation, whereby electricalenergy may be transferred from the battery circuit to the other circuitto operate the magnet included therein.

2l. The combinationwith a source of electrical energy anda receivingcircuit including an electromagnetically operated de-` vice, or' acondenser, and suitable means for alternately charging said condenserfrom said source and discharging it into said circuit to operate thesaid device.

22. The combination with a battery and a magnet, of a condenser and acircuit therefor, and means for completing said circuit alternatelythrough said battery and said magnet to operate the latter by means ofcurrent stored in said condenser.

23. The combination, with a rst circuit and a second circuit, of arepeater comprising a condenser, a relay in said first circuitresponsive to impulses received thereover to alternately charge anddischarge said condenser, anda repeating relay in the dischargingcircuit i'orproducing impulses in said second circuit, the saidrepeaterr constituting means for correcting irregularities in thereceived impulses, whereby a series of irregular or excessively long orshort impulses is translated into a series of uniform impulses ofstandard length.

bigned by me at Chicago, Cook county, State of Illinois, this 4th day ofAugust,

' V` RODNEY RICHARDSON. i

